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2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

常见习惯用语

(一) 知识概要 

由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: you are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: your english is very good 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 thank you 虽然交际英语 有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。

(二) 正误辨析 

[误] - what can i do for you?

- yes, please help me 

[正] - what can i do for you?

- i'd like to buy a sweater 

[析] what can i do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。

[误] - which colour do you like?

- sorry, i don't like 

[正] - which colour do you like?

- i prefer blue 

[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 yes, i like it

[误] do you like to come with us tonight? 

[正] would you like to come with us tonight? 

[析] do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: do you like swimming? do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:

shall we go? 我们走吧!

let's go? 让我们走吧!

how about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

what about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?

why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?

其肯定答语一般为certainly, yes, o.k. all right, with pleasure

[误] sorry, i've kept you waiting

not at all 

[正] sorry, i've kept you waiting

never mind 

[析] "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:

- do you mind my smoking here?- _________ 

a. yes, do it please

b. no, of course not

c. yes, take it please

d. no, you can't take it

这时正确的选择应是b。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而a选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而 d选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:

do you mind if i open the door?

would you mind mailing the letter for me

其答语如果是同意应为: certainly not, not at all

而不同意时应为 yes, 或 i'm sorry

[误] what's that man?

he is mike 

[正] what's that man?

he is a teacher 

[正] who's that man?

he is mike (he is mike's father) 

[析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。8页,当前第112345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

[误] - how much are they?

- half a kilo, please 

[正] - how many bananas do you want?

- half a kilo please 

[析] how much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。

[误] i'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? 

[正] excuse me, but is this the way to the park? 

[析] i'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。

[误] - have a good time tonight!

- you are the same 

[正] - have a good time tonight!

- the same to you 

[析] the same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。

[误] - what's the problem?

- i've got a headache 

[正] what's wrong with you?

i've got a headache 

[析] what's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何,而 what's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。

[误] - now, i'm back can i play?

- perhaps you'd better do your homework first 

[正] - now, i'm back can i play?

- i'm afraid not you'd better do your homework first 

[析] perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如: am i right? perhaps而 i'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有:

i'm afraid that you are right

其后直接加宾语从句。

- will you come to my birthday party?

- i'm afraid not i have to go to see my father he is in hospital

其后+not,表示否定。

- sor ry, i don't want to go there alone, i'm afraid of the dog

其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。

mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam

其后+ of + 动名词,表示害怕做某事。

mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam

其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。

[误] - how soon will you be ready?

- two days 

[正] - how soon will you be ready?

- in two days 

[析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 how soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 how long 提问,则答语可以用 two days。

[误] - would you mind if i have some time off?

- i don't mind

- monday and tuesday of next week 

[正] - would you mind if i have some t ime off?

- when exactly

- monday and tuesday of next week 

[析] 有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 i don't mind 是可以用来回答 would you mind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。

[误] suppose your name is tom the phone rings and you pick it up the first word you say will probably be "who are you?" 8页,当前第212345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

[正] suppose your name is tom the phone rings and you pick it up the first word you say will probably be "hello? this is tom speaking?" 

[析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"this is speaking"而不要讲"i'm "也不要讲"my name is ." 就语法而论,"who are you?" "i'm my name is "并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。

[误] - do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

- i don't hope so 

[正] - do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

- i hope not 

[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中 i think so i hope so i believe so 是相同的,但在否定句中却常用 i don't think so 但i don't believe so 和 i don't hope so 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 i believe not 和 i hope not 则为:我想可能不会发生吧!

[误] - is anybody there?

- no, bob and tom have asked for leave 

[正] - is everybody there?

- no, bob and tom have asked for leave 

[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前 ,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用 anybody。 但是is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而is everybody there?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 no, bob and tom have asked for leave

[误] - your handwriting is very good!

- no, my handwriting is very poor 

[正] - your handwriting is very good!

- thank you 

[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖 你或赞美你时,就应说: thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 where are you going? 或 have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如: hello! how are you going? (你过得怎样) morning! 等。而 good morning 和 how do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。

[误] when you have had dinner with an american friend and want to leave you may say: "excuse me i'll go first" 

[正] when you have had dinner with an american friend and want to leave you may say: "excuse me i have to go" 

[析] 这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 i'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解,而 i have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。

[误] - would you like to come to dinner tonight?8页,当前第312345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

- i'd like to, and i'm too busy 

[正] - would you like to come to dinner tonight?

- i'd like to, but i'm too busy 

[析] i'm too busy 与 i'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。

[误] - where's deter?

- deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet 

[正] - where's deter?

- deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet 

[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。

[误] - hi, haven't seen you for ages! you look fine!

- great you look well too 

[正] - hi, haven't seen you for ages! you look fine!

- thanks you look well too 

[析] 要注意的是 great 在口语中多表示惊叹,而 thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。

(三) 例题解析 

1  - would you like to have some rice?

- _________ .

a yes, i like b yes, please c of course d yes, i have

[答案] b.

[析] 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲 yes, please 如不想接受则用no, thanks

2  - nice to see you

- _________ .

a good morning b happy to meet you, too 

c nice to see you, too d pleased to meet you, too

[答案] c.

[析] 虽然a、b、d三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。

3  - would you please give me some water?

- _________ .

a yes, i would b certainly c no, thanks d yes, please

[答案] b.

[析] 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而yes, please 为"是的,您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。

4  - thank you very much for helping me

- _________ .

a you're welcome b it doesn't matter

c no need d don't say that

[答案] a.

[析] you're welcome 译为中文为:不用谢。而 it doesn't matter 则为:没关系。

5  - hello, lucy how are you?

- _________ and you?

a fine, thanks b yes, i am

c glad to meet you d good afternoon

[答案] a.

[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 how are you? 的答语应为"很好,谢谢!"

6  - help yourself to some meat

- _________ 

a it sounds nice. b yes, please. 

c yes, let's help each other. d thank you.

[答案] d.

[析] help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。8页,当前第412345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

7  - oh, i am not feeling well i've got a cold

- _________ 

a fine, how are you? b never mind take care 

c well, i 'm sure to get weel soon. d i'm sorry to hear that

[答案] d.

[析] 这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而b、 c则是中国人常讲的答语。

8  - meimei you speak english very well

- _________ .

a no, i don't think so b thank you very much

c not good enough d that's all right

[答案] b.

9  - "kate, could you answer the telephone, please?"

- _________ , mum i'll get it.

a yes, i could b no, thanks 

c ok d yes, but i have no time

[答案] c.

[析] 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。

10  - could you look after polly for me while we're away?

- _________ 

a no, thanks. b with pleasure. 

c i'm not afraid. d i'm sure you will.

[答案] b.

[析] with pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。

11  - hello! could i speak to the headmaster, please?

- _________ 

a hold on, please. b that's the headmaster, please. 

c who are you ? please. d sorry i'm not the headmaster.

[答案] a.

[析] hold on, please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that, 而要用 this, 在电话用语中 that 指对方, this 指自己。

12  - happy birthday!

- _________ 

a thank  you. b the same to you. 

c good luck. d congratulations.

[答案] a.

[析] the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思,不能用于生日这一祝贺语,除非两人的生日在同一天。

13  - i'm sorry i don't know the way, either you'd better ask that policeman for help

- _________ 

a good night. b that's nothing. 

c very well. d thank you all the same.

[答 案] d.

[析] 当向对方求助时,对方无能为力,这时的感谢语则为 thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。

14  - i fell and hurt my leg last week, so i can't do anything

- _________ .

a i'm sorry b don't worry

c good luck d bad luck

[答案] d.

[析] 如果用a则要用 i'm sorry to hear that而不能单用 i'm sorry 因i'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。

15  - _________ 

- i have got a cough

a what's your trouble? b  what have you got? 

c why did you come here? d have you got a cough?8页,当前第512345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

[答案] a.

[析] what's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 what's wrong with you?

16  - would you like to go shopping with me?

- _________ 

a yes, i'd love to. b that's right.

c yes, please. d quite well.

[答案] a.

[析] 表示愿意作某事应讲:i'd love to i'd like to

17  - what's the weather like today!

- _________ 

a it's nice for a walk. b i like autumn best of all.

c it will be fine tomorrow. d it's rather cold today.

[答案] d.

[析] 本题要注意问的是什么,不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样,所以只能选d

18  - is jane in ,please? i want to speak to her

- sorry, she is out you'd better _________ .

a visit her in the office b call her later 

c see her this afternoon d speak to her yourself

[答案] b.

[析] call her later 晚些时候再来电话。

19  - _________ 

- very well, thank you, and you?

a how do you do? b good morning 

c how are you these days? d how do you like english?

[答案] c.

[析] 本题是由答语来推断问话,所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯: how do you do? 的答语应为 how do you do?

20  - how is your mother?

- _________ 

a she is old. b she is no better than she was. 

c she is kindhearted. d she is in her forties.

[答案] b.

[析] how is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何,而b选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。

21  - thank you very much for your help

- _________ .

a you're welcome b please don't

c there's no trouble d no, no

[答案] a.

22  your uncle has taken you to the cinema afterwards you thank him

he says " _________ ."

a it was nothing b i'm glad you enjoyed it 

c don't say it d no, needn't

[答案] b.

[析] 这是英语的答语,千万不要选a,因它是中文习惯的答语。

23  - thank you for your good present

- _________ .

a it's not good b no, no

c my pleasure d never mind

[答案] c.

24  when someone did a good deed for you, you should say _________ .

a.you are too good b.it's very kind of you  c.you are very kind d.i'll thank you

[答案] b.

25  - i am very sorry i am late for dinner 

- _________ .

a.no, you aren't b.that's all right  c.yes, you are d.no, you don't

[答案] b.

[析] that's all right 没关系。

26  - i'm sorry if i hurt you

- _________ .

a i'm sorry b it's not true 8页,当前第612345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

c it doesn't matter d don't say sorry

[答案] c.

27  - i should have gone to see the exhibition with you 

- _________ .

a i'm sorry b what a pity 

c it doesn't matter to me d that's terrible

[答案] b.

[析] what a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。

28  - help yourself to some fish

- _________ .

a you are very kind b yes, i'm helping myself 

c thank you d yes, don't worry about me

[答案] c.

29  - are you ready?-______ .

a i'm very sorry b try to be patient 

c not yet, wait a minute d do you have the time, please?

[答案] c.

[析] not yet 意为还没有完成。

30  - mum, i have passed the exam

- _________ .

a that's all right b congratulations

c you are luck d good luck to you

[答案] b.

31  - i think i have to leave i hope we can get together again 

- _________ .

a all right b that's all right

c ok d i hope so, too

[答案] d.

32  must i wait till he comes back?  .

a no, you needn't b no, you mustn't 

c no, you may not d no, you can't

 [答案] a.

[析] must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must, 表示必须做,而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。

33  - _________ i pay you the house rent right away?

- yes, you have to do it

a shall b way c must d have

 [答案] c.

34  - don't you think this colour is too bright? 

- _________ 

a yes, i agree. b yes, but i don't think so. 

c yes, of course not. d yes, what's wrong?

[答案] a.

35  - it was cold yesterday

- _________ .

a so was it b so it was

c i believe not so d i believe not

[答案] b.

[析] 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时,则不用倒装。因 so it was即为:是的,天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时,则要倒装。如: i went to the cinema yesterday so did i 表示对方去了电影院,我也去了。

36  - what do you think of the song?

- _________ .

a i like music very much b i like it too 

c with pleasure d it sounds sweet

[答案] d.

[析] sound 在这里是系动词,为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词,而不要用被动语态。

37  do you like tea or coffee? _________ .

a yes, i do b thank you

c that's fine d either will do

[答案] d.

[析] either will do 为两者哪个都可以。

38  i like your sweater very much _________ .

a no, it's ugly b sorry 8页,当前第712345678

2019中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

c thank you d you're welcome

[答案] c.

[析] 这是英美语言的习惯。

39  he likes travelling by train  _________ .

a so do i b i dos

c i like so d i like it, neither

[答案] a.

40  - how do you like your school?

- _________ .

a i like it very much b it's very beautiful

c i doesn't like it d very well

[答案] b.

[析] how do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。

41  what a nice day!  _________ 

a you're right. b no, isn't it?

c yes, isn't it? d really?

[答案] c.

[析] yes, isn't it 是的,难道不是个好天气吗?

42  - hello, _________ ?

- this is della speaking

a who are you b are you tom 

c who is that d please tell me who are you

[答案] c.

[析] 电话用语中 that 指对方,而 this 指自己。

43  -what's he like? 

- _________ .

a he likes english b he is old 

c he is like a farmer d he is tall and this

[答案] d.

[析] 要区分 what's he like? 如 what does he like? 前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。

44  how did you do your job? 

not very well, _________ .

a i'm sure b i am afraid

c thank you d i'm sorry

[答案] b.

[析] i am afraid 我恐怕是,我想是。

45  - _________ your aunt?

-she is a principal of a middle school

a what does b where does

c what is d whom is

[答案] c.

46  - _________ 

- he is my boss

a what's the man? b who is the man? 

c how is the man? d what does the man do?

[答案] b.

47  - may i have your name? 

- _________ .

a no, no b you're polite

c call me john d it's kind of you

[答案] c.

48  - shall i make coffee for you? 

- _________ .

a yes, thank you b no, don't  trouble 

c don't trouble this, thank you d no, don't make it

[答案] a.

49  - could you show me the way to mr buown's office?

- _________ .

a not at all b i'm sure

c all right d i can do it

[答案] c.

50  - shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?

- _________ .

a it's very kind of you b you are so thoughtful 

c that's a good idea d yes, we'll go

[答案] c.8页,当前第812345678