Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
unit 3 teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
一. 教学内容：
unit 3 teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
二. 学习目标：
functions:
1. 能够谈论允许和不允许做的事情
2. 能够谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情
3. 能够针对被允许和不被允许做的事情发表自己的观点（同意或者不同意）
4. 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由
三. 教学重点难点：
含有情态动词（should）的被动语态
四. 重点词和短语：
1. choose one’s own sth. 选择某人自己的东西
2. should do sth. 应该做
shouldn’t do sth. 不应该做
3. a fifteen-year-old student 一个15岁的学生
fifteen-year-olds 15岁的学生/孩子（复数）
4. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
5. get one’s driver’s license 获得某人的驾驶执照
6. have/get/find/look for a part-time job找/有/得到一个兼职
7. get one’s ears pierced=pierce one’s ears 钉耳洞
have/get sth.done 使……被做
have/get one’s hair cut = cut one’s hair 理发
have/get the shoes repaired = repair the shoes 补鞋
8. be sure （of/ about sth.） 确信某事
be sure that+从句 确信
9. too wild= not serious enough太鲁莽,不够冷静
too young = not old enough 太年轻,不够老
too silly/foolish =not smart/clever enough太愚蠢,不够聪明
enough 足够的+ n. /sth.
too...to = not + adj.+ enough to = so...that... 太……而不能
10. stop wearing that silly earring停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环
11. seem to do. 似乎
12. look cool/clean/smart 看起来酷/干净/聪明
13. need to do sth 需要做某事
14. instead of 代替、而不是
15. kind of 有点儿
16. so do we . 我们也是。
17. stay up 熬夜
18. get to class late = be late for class 上学迟到
19. finish a test early 很早完成考试
take the test 参加考试
pass the test 考试过关
fail a test 考试不及格共10页，当前第1页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
20. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth 对某事要求严格
21. the other day 几天前
22. would like to do 想要做
23. concentrate on 全神贯注
concentrate energies on studying 把力量贯注于学习
24. feel comfortable 感觉舒适
25. be good for 对……有益
26. a good way to do sth. 一个做……的好方法
27. keep + n. + adj. 保持……怎么样
28. learn a lot from sb./each other 从……学习了许多
29. at present 目前
30. have an opportunity to do 有个机会做……
have a chance to do
31. go back to school 回校
32. be a good/great experience for sb. 对某人来说是一个很棒的经历
33. they both look good on me. 两件我穿都好看。
34. at least 至少
35. eight hours’ sleep a night 一晚8小时睡眠
36. perform a play 表演
37. take time to do things 花时间做某事
38. more often 经常
39. write for a newspaper 为报社撰稿
40. volunteer at the newspaper office 在报社做志愿活动
41. help teach young students 帮助教小学生
42. a long week of classes 上一周的长课
43. have friday afternoons off 星期五下午休息
44. reply to sb. = answer the letter 给某人回信
45. get in the way of sth./doing sth. 妨碍某事
46. as much as sb. wants 尽某人想要
as much as one would like to 尽某人想要做……
47. a running star 一个田径队员
48. on his school running team 在他学校的田径队
49. achieve one’s dream 实现某人理想
50. we have nothing against running! 我们没有理由反对跑步。
51. make decisions for sb./oneself 为某人做决定
52. be serious about sth 对……热衷、渴望
53. care about 关心，在乎，介意共10页，当前第2页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
54. a chance of achieving one’s dream实现梦想的一个机会
五. 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. i don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.我认为不应该允许16岁的孩子穿耳孔。（section a, 1b）
（1）当主句的主语是第一人称i或we，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定，须将not提到主句。在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的。”应译为i don’t think he will give you a call而不是i think he won’t give you a call。
特别提示
若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。
we think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？
i don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？
（2）本句中的 sixteen-year-olds相当于 sixteen-year-old teenagers，意为“16岁的孩子/年轻人”。
知识拓展
数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有：
two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块60磅的石头
（3）get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使……被做”，“请人做……”。
go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。
why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢？
2. i disagree. 我不同意。 i agree. 我同意。（grammar focus）
（1）agree意为“赞成，同意”，用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。
—shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？
—i agree. 我同意。
i quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。
do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？
知识拓展
agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。
◎agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。
we all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。
do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？
特别提示
agree with也可以表示“某人适应（食物、气候等）”。
the weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。
◎agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。
he agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。
they agreed to come on monday. 他们同意星期一来。
◎agree on表示“（两人以上）就……取得一致意见，在……方面意见一致”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词。
they agreed on the plan.
（2）disagree是agree的反义词，相当于not agree。
3. they talk instead of doing homework. 他们说话而不做作业。（grammar focus）
本句中的instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。共10页，当前第3页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
i want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。
we went to swim instead of playing basketball.
我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。
特别提示
副词instead和instead of意思相同，但用法却不同。instead意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译。
i didn’t go to cinema. instead, i went to go shopping.
我没有去看电影，我去购物了。
the water here is not good, so i drink coffee instead.
这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。
4. ---we have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家有很多规定。
---so do we. 我们家也是。 （section a, 3a）
so do we.是倒装句。“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”倒装句型表示前者所述的情况同样适用于后者，意思是“……也是如此”。注意在时态上和前面一句保持一致。如：
i like swimming, and so does he. 我喜欢游泳，他也喜欢游泳。
she can speak russian. so can her sister. 她会讲俄语，她姐姐也会。
【拓展】
①当前面一句是否定句时，用“neither/nor + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”，表示后者同前者一样，意为“……也不……”。如：
i don’t have a computer. neither does she. 我没有电脑。她也没有。
we have never been to tokyo before. neither have they. 我们以前没去过东京。他们也没去过。
②“so + 主语+ 助动词/系动词/情态动词”句型，用来加强语气，表示赞同。意思是“的确如此”。如：
---it’s too hot today. 今天太热了。
---so it is. 的确如此。
5. we think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes.
我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒，因此我们想穿自己的衣服。（section b,3a）
（1）形容词smart意为“聪明的，机敏的，精明的”，相当于clever。
the dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。
he looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。
（2）would like意为“想要”，相当于want，后面接名词或动词不定式。
i would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。
i didn’t want to go to the cinema. i would like to stay at home.
我不想去看电影，我想呆在家里。
◎ would like sb. to do sth.表示“想要某人做某事”。
i’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。
特别提示
feel like也可以译为“想要”，有时可以与would like替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。
she feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。
i feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。
6. our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. 我们老师相信，如果我们那样做了，我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上。（section b,3a）
（1）believe是及物动词，意为“相信”，其后可跟名词或从句。
i don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。
i believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。
◎believe in表示“信任”（即trust）。
she doesn’t believe in god. 她不信奉上帝。共10页，当前第4页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
（2）在that if...句中，that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句，而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句，we would...则是条件状语从句中的主句。
we are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.
我们都确信，如果他们准时到的话，就不会被雨淋了。
（3）动词concentrate常常构成concentrate（...）on sth，表示“专心致志（于某件事），精神集中，全神贯注（做某事）”。
i can’t concentrate on my work when i’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。
we must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。
7. that would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy. 那将是让老师和同学们都感到满意的方法。（section b,3a）
①句中的to keep … happy是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰前面的名词way。如：
i have some shores to do this morning. 今天上午我有一些家务要做。
②keep的用法：keep sb./sth + adj. 表示“使……保持……”。句中both teachers and students 是to keep 的宾语，形容词happy为其宾语补足语。如：
take my coat. it will keep you warm. 拿上我的大衣，它会使你暖和些。
【拓展】
keep 后面还可以加介词短语、副词、v. -ing 形式、过去分词作宾语补足语，意思是“使……保持某种状态”。
the work kept him in the office for a whole week. 他因工作在办公室呆了整整一个星期。
i’ll try not to keep you waiting.我会尽量不让你久等。
we’ll keep you informed as soon as possible. 我们会尽快让你们了解情况的。
8. i know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. 我知道我们有时很吵，但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。（section b,3a）
（1）本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。
we used to learn english from da shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。
he never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。
◎learn to do sth“学习，学会做某事”。
i’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。
how did bill gates learn to work out a software programme?
比尔·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的？
（2）each other意为“互相”，通常指两者之间，在句中用作宾语、定语等。
you and i understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。
the two girls often help each other in their lessons. 这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助。
9. last summer i had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. 去年夏天，我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。（section b,3a）
（1）本句中的volunteer是动词，表示“自愿做某事，当志愿者”等意思。
thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.
战争爆发时，成千上万的人当了志愿兵。
we volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。
特别提示
volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人，志愿者”。
this work costs us nothing. it’s all done by volunteers.
这项工作我们没有花一点钱，全是由志愿人员完成的。共10页，当前第5页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
（2）local是形容词，意为“本地的，地方的”，在句中用作定语。
following the national news we have the local news and weather.
国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。
she’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。
特别提示
local用作名词时，通常用复数形式，意思是“本地人，当地人”。
the locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。
10. i would like to reply to the article “helping and learning” in your last newsletter.我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。（self check 2）
句中的reply意为“回答，应答”，一般只用作不及物动词，后面与to连用，表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。
he didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。
how can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢？
11. “i know my parents care about me, ”he says.“我知道父母关心我，”他说。（reading）
句中的care about为及物动词短语，意为“关心，在乎，介意”，其后接名词或代词。
the girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。
she didn’t care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。
12. only then will i have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有那时，我才有机会实现我的梦想。（reading）
这是一个倒装句。“only + 状语（或从句）”位于句首时，句子应用倒装语序，其语序是：only + 状语（或从句）+ 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它。再如：
only then did i realize how dangerous the situation was. 只有那时，我才意识到情况有多么危险。
六. 语法：被动语态
1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should）的被动语态。
先看几个基本概念：
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态
只有及物动词才有被动语态。
2. 被动语态的构成
（1）请大家看图
the office is cleaned every day .
the office was cleaned yesterday.
compare active and passive：
动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：
一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词
如：english is spoken in the world.
this house was built 100 years ago.
如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接by ~ ，译为“被（由）……”
如：we were woken up by a loud noise . 我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。
（2）请看图
从上面的例子中我们可以看出，现在进行时被动语态的构成为：共10页，当前第6页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
再如：my car is being repaired now.
some new houses are being built near the park.
含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词＋be＋过去分词
teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes.
the flowers should be watered every day.
water can be changed into ice by us.
the english homework must be handed in this afternoon.
这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？
一般将来时 主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词
现在完成时 主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
过去将来时 主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词
过去进行时 主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词
过去完成时 主语＋had + been +过去分词
3. 被动语态的用法：
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用“by＋动作执行者”的短语
such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。
i haven’t been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件事。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。
the cup was broken by david.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型
it’s / was said / believed / reported / + that …
it’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.
据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。
4. 主动语态变为被动语态
把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：
（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语
（2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词
（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。
5. 被动语态的几种类型
（1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）
常见的接双宾语的动词有
①间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语保留原位。
②直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前加介词to /for。
he gave the boy an apple.
→the boy was given an apple.
→ an apple was given to the boy.
her father bought her a present.
→she was bought a present by her father.
→a present was bought for her by her father.
（2）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，省略的to要加上。
常考的动词有make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear→sb be made/ let/ had/ seen/ watched/ notice/ heard/ to do sth
they heard the children sing that morning.
→ the children were heard to sing that morning.
the teacher made the little boy stand in the classroom.共10页，当前第7页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
→ the little boy was made to stand in the classroom by the teacher.
（3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
they take good care of my child. → my child is taken good care of .
i turned off the radio. →the radio was turned off （by me）.
（4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。
we call him xiao wang. → he is called xiao wang.
they told him to help me. → he was told to help me.
6. 被动语态的几种特殊情况。
（1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态。常考查的不及物动词有happen, take place, come out,appear 等。
（2）sell, write, wear, wash, open, close 等与副词well, easily 等连用，主动表示被动。若无well, easily等修饰，则用主动语态。
these books sell well.
this kind of cloth washes well
the door opens （closes）easily.
these books are sold in the bookshop.
（3）look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等连系动词后加形容词作表语，主动形式表被动。
the fish tastes nice.
the paper feels soft.
（4）need
the bike needs repairing.
the bike needs to be repaired.
【典型例题】
被动语态专项练习
ⅰ单项选择
1. good books _ ___ again and again.
a. be read b. should be read c. must read d. should read
2. the children __ __ by the nurse.
a. were looked b. looked after c. were looked after d. looked
3. when__ __ the accident ___ __ ?
a. was, happen b. did, happen c. is, happen d. was, happened
4. the lab ___ _ about five years ago.
a. was build b. was built c. builds d. has been built
5. the picture______ in october, 1996.
a. was taking b. had been taken c. was taken d. had taken
6. they ______day and night.共10页，当前第8页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
a. are made work b. are made to work
c. made to be worked d. are making to work
7. this english song _____ often _____ by the children.
a. is, singing b. is, sung c. will, sing d. was, sung
8. mary’s radio ______ by my brother just now.
a. will be mended b. has mended c. was mended d. mended
9. your exercise books _____ after class.
a. will hand in b. must hand in c. handed in d. must be handed in
10. some trees may ______ at other times of the year.
a. be planted b. plant c. are planted d. will be planted
ii. 句型转换
11. sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.（改为一般疑问句）
sixteen-year-olds to drive?
12. teenagers should be allowed to wear that earring.（改为否定句）
teenagers allowed to wear that earring.
13. i think the work should be done at once. （改为否定句）
i think the work be done at once.
14. we shouldn’t allow the students to stay up until midnight.（改为被动句）
the students to stay up until midnight.
15. the english homework must be handed in this afternoon. （改为主动句）
we the english homework this afternoon.
答案：1~5 bcbbc 6~10bbcda
11. should; be allowed 12. shouldn’t be 13. don’t; should 14. shouldn’t be allowed 15. must hand in
中考聚焦
考点1. allow
people are not （allow）to smoke in some public places.（福建福州）
i don’t think students should be （允许）to bring mobile phones to school.（宁夏）共10页，当前第9页12345678910
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
【要点简析】allow“允许；准许”，短语有 allow sb. to do sth. （= let sb. do sth.）/ allow doing sth. 。被动句中用be allowed to do… 应分别填写allowed。
考点2. so 句型
people in england rest two days a week. .（云南昆明）
a. so chinese are b. so are chinese c. so do chinese d. so chinese do
【要点简析】“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”，表示前者所述的情况同样适用于后者，在时态上和前面一句保持一致。选c。
考点3. instead of 与instead
i’d like to listen to music watching a bad tv program. （福建福州）
【要点简析】instead of是短语介词。instead 是副词，单独用于句末。应填写instead of。
考点4. agree with
i think physics is very difficult to learn. do you me?（山西）
a. deal with b. get along with c. agree with
【要点简析】agree with“同意”， 后面常跟sb., idea, suggestion等作宾语。deal with“处理；应付”，get along with“与……相处”。选c。
考点5. eight hours’ sleep
my school isn’t far from here. it’s only walk. （黑龙江哈尔滨）
a. fifteen minutes b. fifteen minutes’ c. fifteen minute’s
【要点简析】以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在其后加“’”。 选b。
共10页，当前第10页12345678910