module 3 the natural world
一、教学内容：
unit 9 sea water and rain water
(一) 掌握词汇、短语
(二) 重要句型
(三) 介词under, for, by的用法
(四) 连词if的用法
(五) 情态动词can的用法
二、知识总结与归纳
(一) 掌握词汇、短语
1. quarter
2. competition
3. ocean
4. earth
5. wonderful
6. whale
7. dangerous
8. stream
9. almost
10. cover
11. plant
12. oil
13. salt
14. nothing
15. without
16. borrow
17. dish
18. shower
19. fix
20. save
21. waste
22. take a shower
23. brush one’s teeth
24. be important to
25. save water
26. one of…
27. rather than
28. as well
29. three quarters of
30. turn off
31. use…for…
(二) 重要句型
1. if there is no rain, there will be no water to drink.
2. what do we use water for?
3. we use water for showering.
4. how can we save water?
5. we can save water by fixing dripping taps.
6. sharks are one of the most intelligent animals.
(三) 介词under, for, by的用法
under的用法:
①在……下面
edna sat very still under the trees.
he had a picture book under his arm.
②在……(管辖, 照顾等)之下
nearly fifty workers are working under the manager.
we learned a great deal under his teaching.
③不到, 少于
all the children here are under seven.
under 100 people are present for the show.
④在……的过程中, 正在经受
i can’t use my office at present; it is under repair.
the subject is under discussion.
⑤根据(协议, 法律等)
the soldiers acted under orders.
⑥词组和固定搭配:
under…conditions在……情况下;
under the care of…在……的照顾下;
under the influence受到影响
for的用法:
①为了
he would do anything for her.
the money is for buying food for the party.
②因为, 由于
france is famous for its wines.
i am so sorry for what i said to you the other day.
③对于
you are too old for the kind of work you are doing.
④供……用的, 给……的
there is no more room for such a bag at the back of the car.
here is your letter for you.
⑤就……来说, 作为……来说
the weather was very cold for the time of the year.
⑥表示买卖或交换关系
nobody is willing to work for nothing.
i sold the house for 100 dollars.
⑦作为(意思接近as)
most of the rooms of this building are used for offices.
i had meat for supper.
⑧前往(某目的地)
i will leave for shanghai tomorrow.
⑨表示时间长度或距离
for miles and mile you see nothing but trees.
⑩赞成, 主张, 支持
most people in the town are for the plan of the government.
词组或固定搭配:
for certain / sure肯定地, 确切地, 有把握地;
for fear of唯恐, 担心;
for oneself为自己, 替自己;
for sale供出售;
for short简称;
for the purpose of为……的目的;
for the moment一时间, 暂时;
for the present就现在来说, 暂时;
for the time being暂时; take…for…认为……是……; 把……当作……共3页，当前第1页123
by的用法
①在……旁边, 从……旁边(经过)
i put the vase back on the table by the window.
②通过, 经由, 取道
he rose quickly and went out by another door.
③在(某时)前, 到……时为止
by next friday i will have finished the work.
i will be back by three.
④表示动作的执行者
have you read that novel by shirley?
⑤表示手段或方式, 可译为 “通过……, 用……, 以……, 按照……”
it is nine o’clock by my watch.
⑥表示工具
i came here by bus.
she called him up by telephone to thank him.
⑦和seize, take, hold等动词连用, 说明接触身体的哪一部分
he took the child by the hand.
⑧(指数量)按……计算
these workers are paid by the week.
i rent the house by the year.
⑨表示数量增减或差别的程度
he is older by five years than john.
⑩表示尺寸, 距离等, 相当于 “乘以”
i want a piece of paper 3 inches by 5 inches.
this room is forty feet by twenty.
⑾词组和固定搭配:
by accident偶然地;
by chance偶然地, 碰巧;
by means of借助于, 靠;
by mistake出于误会, 弄错了;
by oneself单独地, 独立地;
by the way顺便说;
by turns轮流;
learn by heart记熟;
one by one一个接一个地;
little by little一点点地;
side by side并肩地, 并排地
(四) 连词if的用法
1. (表示条件)如果，主句用将来时，if从句用现在时表示将来
he will come if you invite him.
如果你请他,他会来的。
2. (表示虚拟)假如,要是
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
句型：条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
if they were here, they would help you.
2）表示与过去事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
if she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
if he had come yesterday, i should / would have told him about it.
3）表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
if you succeeded, everything would be all right.
if you should succeed, everything would be all right.
if you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
3. 是否 = whether 连接宾语从句
i wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了。
(五) 情态动词can的用法
can表示说话人的主观看法或语气｡
它没有人称和数的变化,也不能单独在句子中作谓语,但它可以与其后的不带 to 的动词不定式一起构成动词性复合谓语｡其基本用法如下:
1. 表示能力,常被译成“能”､“会”｡例如:
her sister can speak english. 她姐姐会讲英语｡
i can sing english songs. 我会唱英语歌曲｡
2. 表示请求或许可,即常被用来请求对方的许可,或表示说话人自己的许可｡例如:
can i help you? 我能帮你忙吗?
can you go to the picnic with us tomorrow? 明天你能和我们一起去野餐吗?
you can sit here. 你可以坐在这儿｡
3. can 的否定式和疑问式
① can 的否定形式是 cannot 或 can not,其缩略形式是 can’t｡例如: 共3页，当前第2页123
lucy can’t find her story-book. 露茜找不到她的故事书了｡
han mei can’t come to play with us because she is going to the movies.
韩梅不能来和我们玩了,因为她要去看电影｡
② 将含 can 的陈述句变为疑问句时,应直接将 can 移到主语前面｡肯定答语为“yes, 主语 + can.”,否定答语为“no, 主语+ can’t.”｡例如:
—can you see the words on the blackboard? 你能看见黑板上的词吗?
—yes, i can. 是的,我能看见｡/no, i can’t. 不,我看不见｡
注意:有时说话人为缓和语气可以用其他一些词语作否定回答｡例如:
—can you go swimming with me tomorrow? 明天你能和我一起去游泳吗?
—i’m sorry, i can’t. i have to visit my grandmother. she is in hospital. 对不起,我不能去｡我得去看我奶奶｡她住院了｡
